CD19 protein is a 95 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a central role in B cell activation and humoral immune responses . CD19 is expressed throughout B cell development from pre-B cells through mature B cells, and it is commonly used as a B cell lineage marker . It is required for the responsiveness of mature B cell to antigen stimulation, germinal center development, and antibody affinity matuRation . The CD19 protein associates with the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), CD81, CD38, CD21, CD22, and IFITM1/CD225/Leu13. These associations enable CD19 to amplify B cell signaling and reduce the threshold for antigen stimulation through the BCR.