Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that belongs to the PPAR nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARA is essential in the modulation of lipid transport and metabolism, mainly through activating mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathways. In addition, PPARA seems to decrease inflammation mainly through direct interaction with NF-κB, causing inhibition of its signaling pathway or reducing the activated levels of NF-κB and subsequent inflammation. Furthermore, PPARA was implicated in the attenuation of oxidative stress in alcoholic liver disease when treated with polyenephosphatidylcholine through downregulation of ROS-generating enzymes such as ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), acyl-CoA oxidase, and NADPH oxidase.
