The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD7 is a transmembrane protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes and mature T cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell / B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
T-Cell Antigen CD7 is a single-pass type I membrane protein that that belongs to the the immunoglobulin superfamily. Human CD7 is synthesized as a 240 amino acid precursor that contains a 25 amino acid signal sequence and a 215 amino acid mature chain with a Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD7 is normally expressed on all T-lymphocytes, NK-cells, pre-B lymphocytes and pleuripotent hematopoietic stem cells. CD7 plays an essential role in T-cell interactions, T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development, T- and NK-cell activation and cytokine production. CD7 has been shown to interact with PIK3R1and SECTM1. However, the function of the CD7 protein in the immune system is still largely unknown.
The B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-1 (referred to as B7); also known as CD80; is a member of cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells including activated B cells; macrophages and dendritic cells. As costimulatory ligands; B7-1 which exists predominantly as dimer and the related protein B7-2; interact with the costimulatory receptors CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on T cells; and thus constitute one of the dominant pathways that regulate T cell activation and tolerance; cytokine production; and the generation of CTL. The B7/CD28/CTLA4 pathway has the ability to both positively and negatively regulate immune responses. CD80 is thus regarded as promising therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and various carcinomas.
Cluster of Differentiation 80, also called B7-1, is a member of cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily which plays key, yet distinct roles in the activation of T cells. It is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: CD28 and CTLA-4. Studies have shown that CTLA-4 binds mostly to CD80. The structure presents two extracellular domains: a membrane distal variable-like domain (IgV) and a membrane proximal Ig constant-like domain (IgC) along with an intracellular domain. Both IgV and IgC consist of anti-parallel beta sandwiches joined by a short linker region. CD80 is mostly expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells including activated B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells.
The B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-1 (referred to as B7), also known as CD80, is a member of cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells including activated B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. As costimulatory ligands, B7-1 which exists predominantly as dimer and the related protein B7-2, interact with the costimulatory receptors CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on T cells, and thus constitute one of the dominant pathways that regulate T cell activation and tolerance, cytokine production, and the generation of CTL. The B7/CD28/CTLA4 pathway has the ability to both positively and negatively regulate immune responses. CD80 is thus regarded as promising therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and various carcinomas.
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