CD117, a growth factor receptor protein with tyrosine kinase encoded by a proto-oncogene, is a specific immunohistochemical marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. CD117 can also be used to identify mast-cell tumors in lymphomas and as a marker for some testicular germ cell tumors. CD117 is positive in the membrane and cytoplasm of thymic squamous cell carcinoma, which can be distinguished from other squamous cell carcinomas and thymomas.
CD123 is an alpha chain of the interleukin-3 receptor, which belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. CD123 forms a heterodimer with CD131, the interleukin-3β receptor, to form the interleukin-3 receptor, with an alpha subunit that dominates cytokine specificity and a beta subunit that dominates signaling. CD123 is expressed on monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, megakaryocytes, red blood cell precursors, mast cells, macrophages and some B cell subsets. It is often used in combination with CD68, CD43 and CD4 for the diagnosis of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDC).
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