CD146, also known as melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) with a molecular weight of 113kDa, is expressed on various human endothelial cells and is involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. It is initially found in malignant melanoma, whereas normal melanocytes do not express it. In addition, CD146 is also widely present in a variety of tissues and tumors. If expressed on intermediate trophoblastic cells, it can be used in combination with other antibodies for the identification of trophoblastic tumors.
CD14, a 55 kDa glycoprotein, is expressed in monocyte macrophage, Langerhans tissue cells, but not in stem cells or early differentiation of bone marrow cells and thymocytes. CD14 is more specific than CD68 in the differentiation of monocytes / histiocytes and related tumors..
CD163 is a type I membrane protein, which belongs to the scavenger receptor superfamily. CD163 is the most specific tissue cell (monocyte and macrophage) marker currently used. It is expressed in peripheral circulating monocytes and macrophages in most tissues, such as spleen dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, liver Kupffer cells. However, CD163 is not expressed in the immature cells which are in the center of some lymphoid follicles, macrophages, Langerhans cells and finger like reticulocytes. In tumor tissue, CD163 is expressed in monocyte like cells in the majority of AML, as well as in lymphadenopathy, Langerhans cytosis, typical and atypical fibrosarcoma.
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