Pan-cytokeratin CK(Pan) mainly markers keratinized epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, stratified epithelium, proliferating keratinized cells, and monolayer epithelium. It is used in squamous cell carcinoma (including spindle variant), various adenocarcinomas (including adrenal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma), transitional cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, germ cell tumors (except seminoma), some synovial sarcoma, and other types of adenocarcinomas. Leiomyosarcoma can be positively labeled. EMA and CEA can be used in the differential diagnosis of epithelial tumors and non-epithelial tumors, and can also be used in the study of various cancers.
Claudin 3 is a kind of tight junction protein with a molecular weight of 22 kDa, which is expressed in the junction of ductal epithelium and acinar epithelium.
Claudin4, a member of the tight junction protein family, is mainly distributed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the intestinal cavity in normal tissues. It is mainly distributed in the cell membrane in adenomas and in the cell membrane in colorectal cancer. The highest expression was observed in adenomas. Claudin-4 has been shown to distinguish adenocarcinoma from malignant mesothelioma with 99% specificity in malignant effusions. In multivariate analysis of breast cancer, Claudin-4 overexpression was able to independently predict survival, as it was associated with poor prognosis, high tumor grade, and Her2 expression, and was inversely associated with estrogen receptor staining.
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