NKX3.1 is an androgen-regulated homeobox gene specifically expressed in prostate cells. It is mainly localized in the prostatic epithelium, but is also present in the testis, ureter, and bronchial mucous glands of the lung. As a transcription factor, it has a key role in prostate development and tumor suppression. It is a negative regulator of epithelial cell growth in prostate tissue. NKX3.1 has a high sensitivity and specificity in tumors of prostate epithelial origin. It is not expressed in bladder cancer and nephrogenic tumors and can be used for the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer.
NSE is a kind of cytoplasmic protein. In mammals, enolase is a dimer with three subunits of α, β and γ. The γ subunits of NSE is mainly expressed in central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, neuroendocrine cells and tumor cells. The cells show diffuse cytoplasmic staining. This can specifically recognize 45 kDa NSE and can be used in the judge of neuroendocrine tumors. As the specificity of the is slightly poor, some normal smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells, renal tubular cells and lymphocytes can also detect by this. Therefore, the should not be used as a separate judge marker, and it should be combined with other indicators to improve its diagnostic accuracy.
OCT2 is a B cell specific transcription factor, which participates in the regulation of Ig gene expression, and is related to the regulation of many B cell proliferation and differentiation genes. OCT2 is highly expressed in all mature B cells, and low expressed in pre-B cells, T cells and medullary cells, it is a sign of B cell differentiation.
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