P57 is a cell cycle suppressor and tumor suppressor, which is mainly located on maternal chromosome 11. In complete hydatidiform mole, there is no maternal gene, and p57 is negative, while in partial hydatidiform mole, there are genes of both parents, and p57 is positive. So p57 can be used as a marker for judging and differential judging of early hydatidiform mole pregnancy.
P63 gene is one member of the p53 gene family, which positions on chromosome 3q27-28, and encodes more than 6 major isomers that respectively treat transcriptional kinase activity, death induction activity (TAP63) and chromic inactivation activity. In embryo period, many kinds of epithelium and organs need P63 protein. P63 protein is expressed in myoepithelial cells and the effect is better than SMA, but is not expressed in myofibroblasts. Recent research shows that p63 is a marker of prostate basal cells, it is not expressed in the majority of prostate tumors, and its significance is similar to 34bE12. Since p63 is nuclear positive staining and P504S is cytoplasmic staining, the combination of them makes it easier to determine the results.
Pax-2 is a member of Pax transcription factor family. Pax-8 and Pax-2 participate in the formation of renal organs. In non-tumor tissues, Pax-2 is expressed in glomerular wall epithelial cells, renal collecting duct cells, atrophic renal tubular cells, ovarian surface epithelial cells, fallopian tubes, endometrium, endometrium. In primary tumors, Pax-2 is mainly expressed in renal cell carcinoma and nephrogenic tumor. Recent studies have shown that Pax-2 can be used as an effective immunohistochemical marker for the judging of renal epithelial cell tumors and some gynecological tumors.
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