PGP9.5 is widely expressed in neurons, nerve fibers and various neuroendocrine cells in central and peripheral nervous system, and it is usually used with Syn, CGA, CD56 and NSE to mark the neuroendocrine cells. It can be used to label neuroendocrine cells and tumors of their origin.
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase(PLAP) can be expressed as carcinoembryonic antigen in some tumors of reproductive system, gastrointestinal tract and lung cancer. This is mainly used to label the cells of placental trophoblastic tumor, ovarian germ cell tumor and testicular seminoma.
PMS2 is a 96kDa mismatch repair protein that forms a heterodimer with MLH1 protein and is then activated in the presence of ATP. This complex coordinates the binding of other proteins that repair DNA errors that occur during cell division. Loss of PMS2 expression in tumor cells helped to identify hMLH1 mutation vectors and to determine whether they were suitable for mutational analysis. PMS2 defects are responsible for a small but significant proportion of colorectal cancers and a large proportion of tumors with microsatellite instability. PMS2 is associated with cases of the dominant genetic disease hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) and is commonly used in cancer studies together with MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6.
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