Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2, also known as Glutamate carboxypeptidase II, Membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase, Prostate-specific membrane antigen, GCPII, PSMA, FOLH1, and NAALAD1, is a single-pass type I ,I membrane protein which belongs to the ,peptidase M28 family and M28B subfamily. FOLH1 is highly expressed in prostate epithelium. It is detected in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary, fallopian tube, breast, adrenal gland, liver, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, brain (at protein level), and the capillary endothelium of a variety of tumors. FOLH1 has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated alpha linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. It has a preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. Genetic variation in FOLH1 may be associated with low folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. This condition can result in increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and cognitive deficits. FOLH1 also shows a promising role in directed imaging and therapy of recurrent or metastatic disease.
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2, also known as Glutamate carboxypeptidase II, Membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase, Prostate-specific membrane antigen, GCPII, PSMA, FOLH1, and NAALAD1, is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to thepeptidase M28 family and M28B subfamily. FOLH1 is highly expressed in prostate epithelium. It is detected in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary, fallopian tube, breast, adrenal gland, liver, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, brain (at protein level), and the capillary endothelium of a variety of tumors. FOLH1 has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated alpha linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. It has a preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. Genetic variation in FOLH1 may be associated with low folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. This condition can result in increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and cognitive deficits. FOLH1 also shows a promising role in directed imaging and therapy of recurrent or metastatic disease.
Tyrosine kinase (PTKs) is a protein that carry out tyrosine phosphorylation, which play a fundamental role in cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and motility and have also been demenstrated to mediate malignant cell transformation. Overexpression of this protein in mammary epithelial cells leads to sensitization of the cells to epidermal growth factor and results in a partially transformed phenotype. Two classes of PTKs are present in cells: the transmembrane receptor PTKs and the non-receptor PTKs. Tyrosine kinase(PTKs)-6/ BRK is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein kinase which may function as an intracellular signal transducer in epithelial tissues. Tyrosine kinase(PTKs)-6/ BRK has been shown to undergo autophosphorylation. It has been found that the constitutive expression of the tyrosine kinase(PTKs)-6/ BRK is in a large proportion of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and other transformed T- and B-cell populations. State BRK expression was also induced in normal T-cells. In clinical, the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase PTK6 (BRK) shows elevated expression in approximately two-thirds of primary breast tumours, and is implicated in EGF receptor-dependent signalling and epithelial tumorigenesis.
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2, also known as T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN2 and PTPT, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to theprotein-tyrosine phosphatase family and Non-receptor class 1 subfamily. Members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase ( PTP ) family share a highly conserved catalytic motif, which is essential for the catalytic activity. TC-PTP / PTPN2 is a cytosolic tyrosine phosphatase that functions as a negative regulator of a variety of tyrosine kinases and other signaling proteins. The expression of TC-PTP / PTPN2 plays a role of tumor suppressor and may modulate response to treatment. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. Epidermal growth factor receptor and the adaptor protein Shc were reported to be substrates of this PTP, which suggested the roles in growth factor mediated cell signaling. TC-PTP / PTPN2 is an enzyme that is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and that participates in the control of cell proliferation, and inflammation.TC-PTP / PTPN2 was identified as a negative regulator of NUP214-ABL1 kinase activity.
PTPN6 is an enzyme which belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. N-terminal part of PTPN6 contains two tandem Src homolog (SH2) domains, which act as protein phospho-tyrosine binding domains, and mediate the interaction of PTPN6 with its substrates. PTPN6 is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells, and functions as an important regulator of multiple signaling pathways in hematopoietic cells. It has been shown that PTPN6 interacts with, and dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of phospho-proteins involved in hematopoietic cell signaling.
Rab5b is a member of the Rab family of small (monomeric) G proteins. Like other small G proteins, Rab5b switches between an inactive, GDP-form and an active, GTP-bound form. GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs) catalyse the conversion from the GDP-bound form to the GTP-bound form, while GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) catalyse GTP hydrolysis to GDP. Rab5b is involved in endocytosis and recycling of cell surface molecules. It interacts with RIN2 and RIN3, which regulate its function, possibly by acting as GEFs. Knockdown of Rab5b abolished group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated neuroprotection. Furthermore, Rab5b interacts with LRRK2, the defective gene at the PARK8 locus that results in Parkinson's disease. Roles for Rab5b in neurodegenerative disease, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity have been suggested.
Mouse tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11(Tnfsf11) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family. Tnfsf11 is widely expressed in cells including T cells and T cell rich organs, such as thymus and lymph nodes. This cytokine can bind to TNFRSF11B/OPG andTNFRSF11A/RANK. Tnfsf11 is involved in a number of fundamental biological processes such as acting as regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells, the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response and enhancing bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. It augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation.
Lascia la tua email e seleziona le aree che vuoi seguire per ricevere novita di prodotto, approfondimenti tecnici e promozioni piu pertinenti.
Puoi scegliere le macro-aree Life Science e Diagnostica oppure le singole specializzazioni.
Seleziona uno o piu ambiti di interesse per ricevere comunicazioni piu utili e mirate.
Aggiornamenti su ricerca, strumentazione e applicazioni per il mondo Life Science.
Novita, approfondimenti e promozioni per laboratori diagnostici e flussi operativi.
2025 TEMA Ricerca - All Rights Reserved.
