Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMP2 is synthesized as a 60 kDa precursor that is processed in the secretory pathway to a small 18 kDa monomer, 2 monomers then associate to form the active 30 kDa homodimer,which binds to its receptor. There is also a 40-45 kDa form of BMP2,as an amino-terminal propeptide. BMP2 can induce bone formation and regeneration during early embryonic development. It is involved in the hedgehog pathway,TGF beta signaling pathway,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.
Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays an essential role in developmental process by inducing and patterning early skeletal formation and by negatively regulating bone density. Antagonizes the ability of certain osteogenic BMPs to induce osteoprogenitor differentitation and ossification. Initiates signaling cascades by associating with type II receptor ACVR2B to activate SMAD2-dependent and SMAD-independent signaling cascades including TAK1 and JNK pathways.
Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including neurogenesis, vascular development, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2. Once all three components are bound together in a complex at the cell surface, BMPR2 phosphorylates and activates BMPR1A. In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes. Can also signal through non-canonical BMP pathways such as ERK/MAP kinase, PI3K/Akt, or SRC cascades. For example, induces SRC phosphorylation which, in turn, activates VEGFR2, leading to an angiogenic response.
Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including cartilage and bone formation or neurogenesis. Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR. In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes. Can also signal through non-canonical pathway such as MAPK p38 signaling cascade to promote chondrogenic differentiation.
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity.
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