The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity.
Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes including cartilage and bone formation. Also plays an important role in the regulation of hepcidin/HAMP expression and iron metabolism by acting as a ligand for hemojuvelin/HJV. Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor ACVR1 and type II receptor ACVR2B. In turn, ACVR1 propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target. Can also signal through non-canonical pathway such as TAZ-Hippo signaling cascade to modulate VEGF signaling by regulating VEGFR2 expression.
BMP-7 (Bone morphogenetic protein 7), also known as osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1), is a bone morphogenetic protein which belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. OP-1 is expressed in the brain, kidneys and bladder. BMP-7 may be involved in bone homeostasis. Osteogenic protein 1 plays a key role in the transformation of mesenchymal cells into bone and cartilage. The phosphorylation of SMAD1 and SMAD5 can be induced by BMP-7, which in turn induce transcription of numerous osteogenic genes. BMP-7 treatment can also induce all of the genetic markers of osteoblast differentiation in many cell types. The expression of BMP-7 causes ventral phenotypes while its complete inhibition creates a dorsal phenotype. Human recombinant BMP-7 protein can be used to aid in the fusion of vertebral bodies to prevent neurologic trauma. It also functions in the treatment of tibial non-union, frequently in cases where a bone graft has failed. It is found that BMP7 has the potential for treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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