Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation. Also plays a role in delivery of iron to cells. Mediates iron uptake in capsule cells of the developing kidney.
Fibrinogen is a 340 kDa, secreted glycoprotein complex that is found in blood at concentrations of 150-400 mg/dL. It is secreted primarily by hepatocytes, but is also reported to be expressed by fibroblasts, type I alveolar epithelium, intestinal epithelium and some tumor cells. Fibrinogen is a homodimer that is composed of two, three-polypeptide chain subunits. Fibrinogen plays a central role in clot formation. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is triggered by thrombin, which cleaves fibrinopeptides A and B from alpha and beta chains, and thus exposes the N-terminal polymerization sites responsible for the formation of the soft clot. The soft clot is converted into the hard clot by factor XIIIA which catalyzes the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linking between gamma chains (stronger) and between alpha chains (weaker) of different monomers. Fibrinogen is also a component of the ECM and binds to cell surface molecules on inflammatory cells.
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