Niemann-Pick Type C2 (NPC2) plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis via direct binding with free cholesterol. NPC2 is an intralysosomal protein that binds cholesterol in vitro. NPC2 is a small lysosomal glycoprotein that binds cholesterol with submicromolar affinity. Deficiency in NPC2 is the cause of Niemann-Pick type C2 disease, a fatal neurovisceral disorder characterized by accumulation of cholesterol in lysosomes.Niemann-Pick disease, type C2 (NPC2) protein is one of the most abundant components of the epididymal fluid and contains a functional cholesterol-binding site that can transfer cholesterol between membranes, it has been suggested for years that NPC2 could be involved in the regulation of cholesterol levels in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation.
Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds, in a calcium-dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival.
Cardiac hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis. May also function as a paracrine antifibrotic factor in the heart. Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins that drive various biological responses. Likely involved in regulating the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance through natriuresis, diuresis, kaluresis and chloruresis
Constitutes 1-2% of the total bone protein. It binds strongly to apatite and calcium.
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