Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha, also known as Regenerating islet-derived protein III-alpha, REG-3-alpha, REG3A, and HIP, is secreted protein which contains one C-type lectin domain. REG3A is constitutively expressed in intestine, and is a pancreatic secretory protein that may be involved in cell proliferation or differentiation. It is overexpressed during the acute phase of pancreatitis and in some patients with chronic pancreatitis. REG3A and REG1A proteins are both involved in liver and pancreatic regeneration and proliferation. REG3A is also a stress protein involved in the control of bacterial proliferation. REG3A is down-regulated in most primary human gastric cancer cells, and might be useful in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Additionally, REG3A is a target of beta-catenin signaling in Huh7 hepatoma cells. The REG1A and REG3A are downstream targets of the Wnt pathway during liver tumorigenesis.
Regenerating islet-derived protein 4, also known as REG-like protein, REG4, GISP and RELP, a member of the regenerating gene family belonging to the calcium (C-type) dependent lectin superfamily, has been found to be involved in malignancy in several different organs including the stomach, colorectum, pancreas and prostate. It is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and markedly up-regulated in colon adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and inflammatory bowel disease. Expression of the Reg4 in different cell types has been associated with regeneration, cell growth and cell survival, cell adhesion and resistance to apoptosis. REG4 protein overexpression is associated with an unfavorable response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy and may be used as a predictive biomarker clinically. REG4 may play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer, as well as in intestinal morphogenesis and epithelium restitution.
Calcium-independent lectin displaying mannose-binding specificity and able to maintain carbohydrate recognition activity in an acidic environment. May be involved in inflammatory and metaplastic responses of the gastrointestinal epithelium.
Renin-1, also known as Ren-1, Angiotensinogenase and Kidney renin, is a member of the peptidase A1 family. Renin-1 is synthesized by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to decreased blood pressure and sodium concentration. androgen and thyroid hormones influence levels of Renin-1 in mouse submandibular gland (SMG) primarily by regulating the amount of Renin-1 mRNA available for translation. Renin-1 is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. It is expressed at relatively low levels in mouse SMG and kidney. Ren-2 is expressed at high levels in the mouse SMG and at very low levels, if at all, in the kidney. Ren-1 and Ren-2 are closely linked on mouse chromosome 1, show extensive homology in coding and noncoding regions and provide a model for studying the regulation of gene expression.
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