B7 Homolog 4 (B7-H4) is glycosylated member of the B7 family of immune costimulatory proteins.It is widely expressed, including in kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, placenta, prostate, spleen, testis and thymus. B7-H4 negatively regulates T-cell-mediated immune response by inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production and development of cytotoxicity. When expressed on the cell surface of tumor macrophages, plays an important role, together with regulatory T-cells (Treg), in the suppression of tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell immunity. It also involved in promoting epithelial cell transformation.
Poliovirus Receptor (PVR) is a 70 kDa type I transmembrane single-span glycoprotein that belongs to the nectin-like (Necl) family and was originally identified based on its ability to mediate the cell attachment and entry of poliovirus (PV), an etiologic agent of the central nervous system disease poliomyelitis. PVR contains three Ig-like extracellular domains, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail. The normal cellular function of PVR maybe the involvement of intercellular adhension between epithelial cells. Alternate splicing of the PVR mRNA yields four different isoforms (α, β, γ, and δ) with identical extracellular domains.
CD160 antigen is a cell membrane protein which contains one Ig-likeV-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD160 is a GPI-anchored lymphocyte surface receptor in which expression is mostly restricted to the highly cytotoxic CD56(dim) CD16(+)peripheral blood NK subset. CD160 is a receptor showing broad specificity for both classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules. CD160 is expressed in spleen,peripheral blood,and small intestine. Expression of CD160 is restricted to functional NK and T cytotoxic lymphocytes. CD160 acts as a co-activator receptor for CD3-induced proliferation of CD4+ CD160+ T cells isolated from inflammatory skin lesions. Activated NK lymphocytes release a soluble form of CD160 that functionally impairs the MHC-I-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte responsiveness.
CD160 antigen is a cell membrane protein which contains one Ig-likeV-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD160 is a GPI-anchored lymphocyte surface receptor in which expression is mostly restricted to the highly cytotoxic CD56(dim) CD16(+) peripheral blood NK subset. CD160 is a receptor showing broad specificity for both classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules. CD160 is expressed in spleen, peripheral blood, and smal lintestine. Expression of CD160 is restricted to functional NK and T cytotoxic lymphocytes. CD160 acts as a co-activator receptor for CD3-induced proliferation of CD4+ CD160+ T cells isolated from inflammatory skin lesions. Activated NK lymphocytes release a soluble form of CD160 that functionally impairs the MHC-I-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte responsiveness.
CD19 is a single-pass type I membrane protein containing 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. CD19 is expressed on follicular dendritic cells and B cells. In fact, it is present on B cells from earliest recognizable B-lineage cells during development to B-cell blasts but is lost on maturation to plasma cells. CD19 primarily acts as a B cell co-receptor in conjunction with CD21 and CD81. Upon activation, the cytoplasmic tail of CD19 becomes phosphorylated, which leads to binding by Src-family kinases and recruitment of PI-3 kinase. CD19 Assembles with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes in order to decrease the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation. Defects in CD19 are the cause of immunodeficiency common variable type 3 (CVID3) which is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by antibody deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections and an inability to mount an antibody response to antigen.
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