Plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly. Acts as a viroporin and self-assembles in host membranes forming pentameric protein-lipid pores that allow ion transport. Also plays a role in the induction of apoptosis.
The nonstructural protein (nsp) 14 of SARS-CoV 2 was identified as a cap (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase (N7-MTase). Nsp14 of coronaviruses two different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase activity. It may be involved in the proof-reading ability during the viral RNA replication and transcription. GTP, dGTP as well as cap analogs GpppG, GpppA and m7GpppG could be methylated by nsp14.positive-stranded RNA genome of the coronaviruses is translated from ORF1 to yield polyproteins that are proteolytically processed into intermediate and mature nonstructural proteins (nsps). SARS-CoV 2 polyproteins incorporate 16 protein domains (nsps). The putative non-structural protein 2 (nsp2) of SARS-CoV plays an important role in viral transcription and replication, and is an attractive target for anti-SARS drug development.
The non-structural protein 13 (nsp13) of SARS-CoV 2 is a helicase that separates double-stranded RNA or DNA with a 5'-3' polarity, using the energy of nucleotide hydrolysis. A basic biochemical characterization of nsp13 demonstrated that it can unwind both doublestranded DNA and RNA in a 5’-3’ direction, and it can hydrolyze all deoxyribonucleotide and ribonucleotide triphosphates. Helicases are motor proteins that utilize the energy derived from nucleotide hydrolysisto unwind double-stranded nucleic acids into two single-stranded nucleic acids. Initially, helicases were only thought to be molecular engines that unwind nucleic acids during replication, recombination, and DNA repair. Recent studies have shown that they are also involved in other biological processes, including displacement of proteins from nucleic acid, movement of Holliday junctions, chromatin remodeling, catalysis of nucleic acid conformational changes, several aspects of RNA metabolism, including transcription, mRNA splicing, mRNA export, translation, RNA stability and mitochondrial gene expression. Some human diseases, including Bloom’s syndrome, Werner’s syndrome, and Xeroderma Pigmentosum have been associated with defects in helicase function.
Coronavirus encodes the 2'-O-MTase（2'O Methyltransferase） that is composed of the catalytic subunit nsp16 and the stimulatory subunit nsp10 and plays an important role in virus genome replication and evasion from innate immunity during viral infection. Nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) / viral 2'O-methyltransferase (2'O-MTase) is highly conserved. The conserved 2'O-MTase activity is important for CoV pathogenesis and NSP16 is a conserved universal target for rapid live attenuated vaccine design in an expanding Coronavirus outbreak setting, such as COVID-19. Targeting on the 2'O-methylation pathway on SARS-CoV replication and pathogenesis can be the treatment options for vaccine and anti-viral durgs development which can against SARS-CoV-2,SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or other RNA and DNA viruses.
Component of the viral envelope that plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly via its interactions with other viral proteins.Regulates the localization of S protein at cis-Golgi, the place of virus budding.May act by binding cytoplasmic c-terminus of S.
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