T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD3 ε Chain (CD3ε) is a single-pass type I membrane protein. CD3ε contains 1 Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domain and 1 ITAM domain. CD3ε is a polypeptide encoded by the CD3E gene on chromosome 11 in humans. The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR/CD3 complex) is involved in T-cell development and several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. This complex is critical for T-cell development and function, and represents one of the most complex transmembrane receptors. The T cell receptor-CD3 complex is unique in having ten cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). TCR/CD3 complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways.
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain, also known as CD3E, is a single-pass type I membrane protein. CD3E contains 1 Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domain and 1 ITAM domain. CD3E, together with CD3-gamma, CD3-delta and CD3-zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T cell receptor-CD3 complex. The CD3 epsilon subunit of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex contains two defined signaling domains, a proline-rich sequence and an immune tyrosine activation motifs (ITAMs), and this complex undergoes a conformational change upon ligand binding that is thought to be important for the activation of T cells. In the CD3 epsilon mutant mice, all stages of T cell development and activation that are TCR-dependent were impaired, but not eliminated, including activation of mature naïve T cells with the MHCII presented superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, or with a strong TCR cross-linking antibody specific for either TCR-Cbeta or CD3 epsilon. T cell receptor-CD3 complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. This complex is critical for T-cell development and function, and represents one of the most complex transmembrane receptors. CD3E plays an essential role in T-cell development, and defects in CD3E gene cause severe immunodeficiency. Homozygous mutations in CD3D and CD3E genes lead to a complete block in T-cell development and thus to an early-onset severe combined immunodeficiency phenotype.
CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF superfamily. Like other TNF superfamily members, CD40LG exists as a trimer in membrane bound and soluble form, both of which are bioactive. CD40LG is a ligand for CD40; its ligation also initiates signal transduction in CD40LG expressing cells. CD40LG is a differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T-cells. It stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40LG has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also co-stimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL2.
CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF superfamily. Like other TNF superfamily members; CD40LG exists as a trimer in membrane bound and soluble form; both of which are bioactive. CD40LG is a ligand for CD40; its ligation also initiates signal transduction in CD40LG expressing cells. CD40LG is a differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T-cells. It stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40LG has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also co-stimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma; TNF-alpha; and IL2.
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