This gene encodes a protein found on the outer membrane of T-lymphocytes as well as some other immune cells. The encoded protein contains three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains and a binding site for an activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule. The gene product is important for continuation of T cell activation. This gene may be associated with an susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (PMID: 19525953, 21849685). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
T-cell differentiation antigen CD6, also known as TP120 and CD6, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains threeSRCR domains. CD6 / TP120 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed primarily on T cells, it may function as a costimulatory molecule and may play a role in autoreactive immune responses. CD6 / TP120 is expressed by thymocytes, mature T-cells, a subset of B-cells known as B-1 cells, and by some cells in the brain. CD6 ligand termed CD166 (previously known as activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, ALCAM ) has been identified and shown to be expressed on activated T cells, B cells, thymic epithelium, keratinocytes, and in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. CD6 / TP120 binds to activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule ( CD166 ), and is considered as a costimulatory molecule involved in lymphocyte activation and thymocyte development. CD6 / TP120 partially associates with the TCR / CD3 complex and colocalizes with it at the center of the mature immunological synapse (IS) on T lymphocytes. During thymic development CD6-dependent signals may contribute both to thymocyte survival, and to the overall functional avidity of selection in both man and mouse.
B-Cell Differentiation Antigen CD72 (CD72) is a single-pass type II membrane protein. CD72 exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer and contains one C-type lectin domain. CD72 is expressed on B lineage cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells. CD72 is a ligand for CD5. CD72 associates with CD5, interacts with PTPN6/SHP-1 and plays a role in B-cell proliferation and differentiation. CD72 associates with CD79A in the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex following antigen stimulation and dampens BCR signaling through interactions with the phosphatase SHP-1.
CD73 is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane protein that belongs to the 5'-nucleotidase family. CD73 is an ecto 5'Nucleotidase expressed by most cell types. CD73 hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides. CD73 is one of several enzymes responsible for the production of extracellular adenosine, a signaling molecule that is involved in responses to inflammation and tissue injury. CD73 is a lymphocyte maturation marker that has functions independent of its catalytic activity. CD73 is also a regulator of leukocyte extravasation, a function that requires its 5'Nucleotidase activity. Defects in NT5E are the cause of calcification of joints and arteries (CAJA). The recombinant CD73 lacking GPI anchor is secreted as a monomer.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD74, also known as HLA class2 histocompatibility antigen gamma chain and HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain, is a polypeptide involved in the formation and transport of MHC class2 protein. CD74 is expressed by B cells, macrophages, and Reed-Sternberg cells. When MHC class 2 protein was in the rough ER, its peptide-binding cleft was blocked by CD74 to prevent it from interacting with the endogenous peptides. CD74 also serves to facilitate MHC class2's export from ER.
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