In biochemistry, citric acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and plays an important role in metabolism. Citric acid levels in blood and urine are affected by factors such as age, gender, diet, citric acid precursors, and parathyroid hormone and sex hormones.
In acidic condition, Cr (Ⅵ) will be reduced to Cr3+, Cr3+ reacts with citric acid. And the product has a characteristic absorption peak at 545 nm, therefore the content of citric acid in sample can be calculated by measuring the absorbance value at 545 nm.
Coenzyme A (CoA) is composed of units derived from cysteine, pantothenic acid, and ATP. It plays an important role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, pyruvate oxidation in the citric acid cycle, and other biological processes. The enzymatic reaction of Coenzyme A produces NADH, and the chromogenic substance produced by reaction with the chromogenic agent has a characteristic absorption peak at 450 nm. The content of CoA in the sample can be determined by detecting the absorbance.
In acidic condition, the copper ion in the sample react with 3,5-DiBr-PAESA to form a purple complex which has a maximum absorption peak at 580 nm. And copper ion content can be calculated indirectly by measuring the OD value at 580 nm.
Creatine kinase (CK) catalyze creatine phosphate and ADP to produce creatine and ATP. Hexokinase catalyze creatine and glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) catalyze glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+ to produce NADPH which have a maximum absorption peak at 340 nm. The CK activity can be calculated by measuring the OD values at 340 nm.
Creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) catalyze creatine phosphate and ADP to produce creatine and ATP. Hexokinase catalyze creatine and glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH，Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) catalyze glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+ to produce NADPH which have a maximum absorption peak at 340 nm. The CK activity can be calculated by measuring the OD values at 340 nm.
Creatinine (Cr) can be catalyzed by creatinase and generates creatine. Creatine can be hydrolyzed into sarcosine and urea by creatinase. The sarcosine can be catalyzed by sarcosine oxidase and form glycine, formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction between hydrogen peroxide, 2,4-(6-Tri-iodine-3- hydroxybenzoic acid) and 4-ampyrone can be catalyzed by peroxidase and form pink compound. Creatinine content can be calculated indirectly by measuring the OD value at 515 nm.
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