CD366 (Tim-3) is a transmembrane protein also known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein-3. Tim-3 is expressed at high levels on activated T cells (preferentially on Th1 cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells). Tim-3 has also been shown to exist as a soluble protein. Cells expressing Tim-3 are present at high levels in the CNS of animals at the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease mediated by lymphocytes secreting Th1-like cytokines. Tim-3 has been proposed to inhibit Th1-mediated immune responses and promote immunological tolerance.
CD36 is a 85 kD glycoprotein, also known as FAT, gpIIIb, or gpIV. It is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family, expressed on platelets, monocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes, microvasculature, dendritic cells and mammary endothelial cells. The primary ligands for CD36 have been reported to be oxidized low density lipoprotein, anionic phospholipids, and collagens I, IV, and V. CD36 acts as a scavenger receptor thus promoting the removal of apoptotic neutrophils and other apoptotic bodies, as well as clearance of defective erythrocytes.
CD38 is a 42 kD glycoprotein, also known as T10. It is an ADP-ribosyl hydrolase, expressed on B cells, NK cells, a subset of T cells, brain, muscle, and kidney. In mouse, CD38 expression is downregulated on germinal center B cells and plasma cells, whereas this is not the case for humans. By functioning as both a cyclase and a hydrolase, CD38 mediates lymphocyte activation, as well as adhesion and metabolism of cADPR and NAADP. CD31 is the ligand of CD38.
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