This gene encodes an integral membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles in brain and endocrine cells. The protein also binds cholesterol and is thought to direct targeting of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin) to intracellular compartments. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR).
Cell surface proteoglycan that bears both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and that links the cytoskeleton to the interstitial matrix. Regulates exosome biogenesis in concert with SDCBP and PDCD6IP.
SDC4 (Syndecan-4), also known as Syn4, is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that co-operates with integrins during cell-matrix interactions for the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers and in the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on Tyr397. Syndecan-4 plays roles in the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers. The cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 interacts with several signalling and structural proteins, and both extracellular and cytoplasmic domains are necessary for regulated activation of associated transmembrane receptors. Syndecan-4/SDC4 is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan and works as a coreceptor for various growth factors. SDC4 deficiency limits neointimal formation after vascular injury by regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) mobilization. Therefore, SDC4 may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing arterial restenosis after angioplasty.
Syntaxin 6 is a ubiquitously expressed S25C family member of the SNARE proteins. The protein has an amino-terminal H1 domain followed by an H2 SNARE domain and a carboxy-terminal membrane anchor. Syntaxin 6 protein is localized to the trans-Golgi and within endosomes and regulates membrane trafficking by partnering with a variety of other SNARE proteins. Depending on cell type and SNARE parter, syntaxin 6 is involved in the regulation of GLUT4 trafficking, neutrophil exocytosis and granule secretion.
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