This gene encodes a member of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, an important hormone and neurotransmitter. Mutations in this gene have been associated with an elevated risk for a variety of diseases and disorders, including schizophrenia, somatic anxiety, anger-related traits, bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior, addictions, and others.
TSC22 domain family, member 1 (TSC22D1) is one of the TGF-beta-stimulated clone-22 (TSC-22). TSC-22 was reported to be a differentiation-inducing factor that negatively regulates the growth of salivary gland cancer cells. TSC22D1, which encodes transforming growth factor beta-stimulated clone 22 (TSC-22), is thought to be a tumor suppressor because its expression is lost in many glioblastoma, salivary gland, and prostate cancers. TSC-22 is the founding member of the TSC-22/DIP/Bun family of leucine zipper transcription factors. TSC-22 may play an important role in maintaining the differentiated phenotype in salivary gland tumors, and may be a possible target of leukemia therapy. TSC22D1 forms homodimers via its conserved leucine zipper domain and heterodimerizes with TSC22D4. TSC22D1 has transcriptional repressor activity.
This gene encodes a mitochondrial translation elongation factor. The encoded protein is an enzyme that catalyzes the exchange of guanine nucleotides on the translation elongation factor Tu during the elongation step of mitchondrial protein translation. Mutations in this gene are associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-3 syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a group of apparently inactive homologs of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The gene product contains a coiled-coil domain that interacts with stathmin, a cytosolic phosphoprotein implicated in tumorigenesis. The protein may play a role in cell growth and differentiation and act as a negative growth regulator. In vitro steady-state expression of this tumor susceptibility gene appears to be important for maintenance of genomic stability and cell cycle regulation. Mutations and alternative splicing in this gene occur in high frequency in breast cancer and suggest that defects occur during breast cancer tumorigenesis and/or progression.
TSHB (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Subunit Beta) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TSHB include Hypothyroidism, Congenital, Nongoitrous, 4 and Central Congenital Hypothyroidism. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide hormone metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include hormone activity. An important paralog of this gene is FSHB.
TSPAN1 belongs to the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Tetraspanins have four hydrophobic domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains. Tetraspanins act as scaffolding proteins, anchoring multiple proteins to one area of the cell membrane. They also mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. TSPAN1 interacts with human thiamine transporter-1 (hTHTR-1). HTHTR-1 contributes to intestinal thiamine uptake, and its function is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. TSPAN1 and hTHTR-1 colocalize in human intestinal epithelial HuTu-8 cells. Coexpression of TSPAN1 in these cells led to a significant decrease in the rate of degradation of hTHTR-1 compared with cells expressing the hTHTR-1 alone; in fact the half-life of the TSPAN1 protein was twice longer in the former cell type compared with the latter cell type.
This gene encodes a protein initially identified as a thyroid-specific transcription factor. The encoded protein binds to the thyroglobulin promoter and regulates the expression of thyroid-specific genes but has also been shown to regulate the expression of genes involved in morphogenesis. Mutations and deletions in this gene are associated with benign hereditary chorea, choreoathetosis, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress, and may be associated with thyroid cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene shares the symbol/alias 'TTF1' with another gene, transcription termination factor 1, which plays a role in ribosomal gene transcription.
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