Interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) also known as CD126 (Cluster of Differentiation 126) is a type I cytokine receptor. The low concentration of a soluble form of IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) acts as an agonist of IL-6 activity. In the IL-6R/CD126/IL6R system, both a membrane-bound IL-6R and a sIL-6R protein are able to mediate IL-6 signals into the cells through the interaction of gp130. The resulting IL-6/sIL-6R protein complex is also capable of binding to gp130 and inducing intracellular signalling. Through this so-called 'trans-signalling' mechanism, IL-6 is able to stimulate cells that lack an endogenous mIL-6R. High levels of IL-6 and sIL-6R have been reported in several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as in cancer.
Interleukin 6 is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation and plays an important role in the immune response. IL6Ra is a part of the receptor for interleukin 6 cytokine. IL6Ra binds to IL6 with low affinity, but does not transduce a signal. Signal activation necessitates an association with IL6ST. Activation may lead to the regulation of the immune response, acute-phase reactions and hematopoiesis. Low concentration of a soluble form of IL6 receptor acts as an agonist of IL6 activity. Dysregulated production of IL6 and this receptor are implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as multiple myeloma, autoimmune diseases and prostate cancer.
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