Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major growth factor for endothelial cells. This gene encodes one of the two receptors of the VEGF. This receptor, known as kinase insert domain receptor, is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as the main mediator of VEGF-induced endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, tubular morphogenesis and sprouting. The signalling and trafficking of this receptor are regulated by multiple factors, including Rab GTPase, P2Y purine nucleotide receptor, integrin alphaVbeta3, T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase, etc.. Mutations of this gene are implicated in infantile capillary hemangiomas.
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; also known as cytosolic inhibitor of Nrf2; Kelch-like protein 19; KEAP1 and INRF2; is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein which contains one BACK (BTB/Kelch associated) domain; one BTB (POZ) domain and six Kelch repeats. KEAP1 / INRF2 is broadly expressed; with highest levels in skeletal muscle. KEAP1 / INRF2 is a key regulator of the NRF2 transcription factor; which transactivates the antioxidant response element (ARE) and upregulates numerous proteins involved in antioxidant defense. Under basal conditions; KEAP1 / INRF2 targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation and as such is responsible for the rapid turnover of NRF2. KEAP1 / INRF2 retains NFE2L2 / NRF2 in the cytosol. KEAP1 / INRF2 functions as substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1. It targets NFE2L2 / NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome; thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. KEAP1 / INRF2 may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. It targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, also known as cytosolic inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like protein 19, KEAP1 and INRF2, is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein which contains one BACK (BTB/Kelch associated) domain, one BTB (POZ) domain and six Kelch repeats. KEAP1 / INRF2 is broadly expressed, with highest levels in skeletal muscle. KEAP1 / INRF2 is a key regulator of the NRF2 transcription factor, which transactivates the antioxidant response element (ARE) and upregulates numerous proteins involved in antioxidant defense. Under basal conditions, KEAP1 / INRF2 targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation and as such is responsible for the rapid turnover of NRF2. KEAP1 / INRF2 retains NFE2L2 / NRF2 in the cytosol. KEAP1 / INRF2 functions as substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1. It targets NFE2L2 / NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. KEAP1 / INRF2 may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. It targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
Kell blood group glycoprotein (KEL) is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to the peptidase M13 family. It is expressed in Expressed at high levels in erythrocytes and testis, and, at lower levels, in skeletal muscle, tonsils, lymph node, spleen and appendix. KEL has been shown zinc endopeptidase with endothelin-3-converting enzyme activity. It cleaves EDN1, EDN2 and EDN3, with a marked preference for EDN3. It links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen.
Ketohexokinase, also known as Hepatic fructokinase, is a member of the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. It exits as a homodimer and most abundant in liver, kidney, gut, spleen and pancreas. Low levels also found in adrenal, muscle, brain and eye.This enzyme catalyzes conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate. It is the first enzyme with a specialized pathway that catabolizes dietary fructose. Defects in KHK are the cause of fructosuria.
Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly.Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface.Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility.Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA.Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes.May play a role in chromatin organization.It is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in maintaining mitotic chromosomes dispersed (Probable).
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