Matrix metallopeptidase 3 (abbreviated as MMP3) is also known as stromelysin 1 and progelatinase. MMP3 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family whose members are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, tissue remodeling, and disease processes including arthritis and metastasis. As a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase, MMP3 exerts its functions mainly in extracellular matrix. This protein is activated by two major endogenous inhibitors: alpha2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). MMP3 plays a central role in degrading collagen types II, III, IV, IX, and X, proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminin, and elastin. In addition, MMP3 can also active other MMPs such as MMP1, MMP7, and MMP9, rendering MMP3 crucial in connective tissue remodeling. Dysregulatoin of MMPs has been implicated in many diseases including arthritis, chronic ulcers, encephalomyelitis and cancer. Synthetic or natural inhibitors of MMPs result in inhibition of metastasis, while up-regulation of MMPs led to enhanced cancer cell invasion.
MMP3 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family whose members are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, tissue remodeling, and disease processes including arthritis and metastasis. The MMP-3 enzyme degrades collagen types II, III, IV, IX, and X, proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminin, and elastin. In addition, MMP-3 can also activate other MMPs such as MMP-1, MMP-7, and MMP-9, rendering MMP-3 crucial in connective tissue remodeling.[3] The enzyme is thought to be involved in wound repair, progression of atherosclerosis, and tumor initiation.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc and calcium dependent endopeptidases with the combined ability to degrade all the components of the extracellular matrix. MMP-7 (matrilysin) is expressed in epithelial cells of normal and diseased tissues, and is capable of digesting a large series of proteins of the extracellular matrix including collagen IV and X, gelatin, casein, laminin, aggrecan, entactin, elastin and versican. MMP-7 is implicated in the activation of other proteinases such as plasminogen, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. In addition to its roles in connective tissue remodeling and cancer, MMP-7 also regulates intestinal alpha-defensin activation in innate host defense, releases tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a model of herniated disc resorption, and cleaves FasL to generate a soluble form in a model of prostate involution. Structurally, MMP-7 is the smallest of the MMPs and consists of two domains: a pro-domain that is cleaved upon activation and a catalytic domain containing the zinc-binding site.
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 proenzyme (proMMP-7) is a 30.47 kDa matrix metalloproteinases with 273 amino acid residues. MMP-7 restricted production by normal mucosal and exocrine gland epithelial cells, as well as by carcinoma cells. Functionally, it involved breakdown of extracellular matrix (casein, gelatins of types I, III, IV, and V, and fibronectin) in normal physiological processes and disease processes. MMP-7 is contributed to early tumor development during carcinogenesis. proMMP7 activation by trypsin occurs via an intermediate cleaved at Lys50-Asn51.
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