Transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal. Imposes pluripotency on ES cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. Blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced mesoderm differentiation of ES cells by physically interacting with SMAD1 and interfering with the recruitment of coactivators to the active SMAD transcriptional complexes (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor (By similarity). Binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-TAAT[GT][GT]-3' or 5'-[CG][GA][CG]C[GC]ATTAN[GC]-3' (By similarity). When overexpressed, promotes cells to enter into S phase and proliferation.
Sialic Acid Synthase (NANS) is an enzyme that contains one AFP-like domain. NANS is ubiquitous and plays a role in the biosynthetic pathways of sialic acids. NANS produces N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN). It also can use N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of Neu5Ac and KDN, respectively.
Human Natriuretic peptides B acts as a cardiac hormone; it is associated with many biological actions; such as diuresis; natriuresis; vasorelaxation; which inhibits the secretion of rennin and aldosterone. It acts as a paracrine antifibrotic factor in the heart. Natriuretic peptides B can help restore the body balance of salt and water; improves the heart function. Natriuretic peptides B binds and stimulates the cGMP production of the NPR1 receptor and binds the clearance receptor NPR3.
Natural killer cell receptor 2B4 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 protein family.2B4 interacts with CD48, while other SLAM family proteins interact homophilically. Three additional splice variants of human 2B4 have deletions of the short region between the Ig-like domains, the second Ig-like domain, or a portion of the cytoplasmic tail.2B4 is expressed on all NK cells, γδ T cells, monocytes, some CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and some dendritic cells. CD48 mediates 2B4+ cell interactions with nearly all hematopoietic cell types, including cells of the same type. 2B4/CD48 signaling cooperates with other receptor systems to either promote or inhibit NK and CD8+ T cell activation. The inhibitory activities are distinct from those of MHC I restricted inhibitory NK cell receptors. Ligation of 2B4 with antibodies or CD48 constructs can either directly trigger inhibitory signaling or disrupt an inhibitory interaction, leading to cellular activation. The inhibitory effect is associated with the long form of 2B4, while the activation is associated with the short form. 2B4 can also induce signaling through CD48.
The Dan (Differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma; also known as N03) gene was first identified as the putative rat tumor suppressor gene and encodes a protein structurally related to Cerberus and Gremlin in vertebrates. It is a founding member of the DAN family of secreted proteins; acts as an inhibitor of cell cycle progression and is closely involved in retinoic acid-induced neuroblastoma differentiation. There are at least five mammalian protein members in the evolutionarily conserved Dan family including DAN; Gremlin/DRM; Cer1 (Cerberus-related); Dante and PRDC (protein related to DAN and cereberus); and share the C-terminal cystine-knot motif. As a secreted glycoprotein; DAN is a member of a class of glycoproteins shown to be secreted inhibitors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenic protein pathways. It binds to BMPs and preventing their interactions with signaling receptor complexes; and accordingly regulates the processes of embryonic development and tissue differentiation. DAN gene product may have an important role in regulation of the entry of cells into the S phase. In addition; DAN gene product possesses an ability to revert phenotypes of transformed rat fibroblasts and represents a candidate tumour suppressor gene for neuroblastoma.
The Dan (Differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma , also known as N03) gene was first identified as the putative rat tumor suppressor gene and encodes a protein structurally related to Cerberus and Gremlin in the vertebrates. It is a founding member of the DAN family of secreted proteins , acts as an inhibitor of cell cycle progression , and is closely involved in retinoic acid-induced neuroblastoma differentiation. There are at least five mammalian protein members in the evolutionarily conserved Dan family including DAN , Gremlin/DRM , Cer1 (Cerberus-related) , Dante , and PRDC (protein related to DAN and Cerberus) , and share the C-terminal cystine-knot motif. As a secreted glycoprotein , DAN is a member of a class of glycoproteins shown to be secreted inhibitors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenic protein pathways. It binds to BMPs and preventing their interactions with signaling receptor complexes , and accordingly regulates the processes of embryonic development and tissue differentiation. DAN gene product may have an important role in the regulation of the entry of cells into the S phase. Besides , the DAN gene product possesses an ability to revert phenotypes of transformed rat fibroblasts and represents a candidate tumor suppressor gene for neuroblastoma.
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