Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L3, also known as UCH-L3, Ubiquitin thioesterase L3 and UCHL3, is a ubiquitin-protein hydrolase which belongs to thepeptidase C12 family. It is involved both in the processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins. This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of either ubiquitin or NEDD8. UCHL3 is highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and testis. UCHL1 and UCHL3 are two of the deubiquitinating enzymes expressed in the brain. These phenotypes indicate the importance of UCHL1 and UCHL3 in the regulation of the central nervous system. UCHL3 functions as a de-ubiquitinating enzyme where lack of its hydrolase activity may result in the prominent accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and subsequent induction of stress responses in skeletal muscle. UCHL3 has also been identified as a tumor-specific antigen in colon cancer.
Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolases (UCHs) are a family of cysteine hydrolases. They catalyze the hydrolysis of amides, thioesters and esters, peptide and isopeptide bonds formed by the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Up regulation of UCHL3 is associated with uterine cervical neoplasms. UCHL3 is implicated in age related cognitive disorders. UCHL3 also promotes adipogenesis and insulin signaling. In mice, UCHL3 knockout have been shown to be resistant to diet-induced obesity.
C10orf49 is a secreted protein which encoded by the UCMA gene. It is a member of the UCMA family. C10orf49 is predominantly expressed in resting chondrocytes. It may be involved in the negative control of osteogenic differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursor cells in peripheral zones of fetal cartilage and at the cartilage-bone interface.
Mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, also Thermogenin and UCP) is a 33 kDa member of the mitochondrial carrier family of proteins. Human UCP1 are both 307 amino acids (aa) in length and contain three solcar repetitive regions and six transmembrane segments. UCP1 is found in brown adipose tissue, where it becomes activated by fatty acids and inhibited by nucleotides. It functions as a mitochondrial transporter that creates a proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. As a result, energy is dissipated in the form of heat.
UCP are mitochondrial transporter proteins that create proton leaks across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. As a result, energy is dissipated in the form of heat. May play a role in the modulation of tissue respiratory control. Participates in thermogenesis and energy balance.
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