Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. Chemokines share the same structure similarities such as small size, and the presence of four cysteine residues in conserved locations in order to form their 3-dimensional shape. Some of the chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory which can be induced to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection during an immune response, while others are considered homeostatic and are implied in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance and development. There are four members of the chemokine family: C-C kemokines, C kemokines, CXC kemokines and CX3C kemokines. The C-C kemokines have two cysteines nearby the amino terminus. There have been at least 27 distinct members of this subgroup reported for mammals, called C-C chemokine ligands-1 to 28. Chemokine ligand 7(CCL7), also known as MCP-3, is a isform of the C-C chemokine subfamily of the chemokine family which is produced by certain tumor cells and by macrophages. It also own two adjacent N-terminal cysteine residues. Chemokine ligand 7(CCL7) spacifically attracts monocytes, and regulates macrophage function.
Chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8,MCP-2), is a small secreted cytokine which belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. CCL8 Chemotactic factor attracts monocytes. It can bind heparin.CCL8 functions to activate different immune cells, including mast cells, eosinophils and basophils which are involved in allergic responses, monocytes, and T cells and NK cells which are involved in the inflammatory response. Its ability achieves by binding to different cell surface receptors termed chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR2B and CCR5. It has been reported that CCL8 is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 by virtue of its binding to CCR5 which is one of the major co-receptors for HIV-1.
CCL8, also known as Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 2 (MCP-2), is an inflammatory CC chemokine that attracts monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. It is produced by many cell types and signals through interactions with an CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5.
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