Receptors for Fc portion of IgG (Fcγ Rs) are members of the Ig superfamily, and are divided into three classes designated Fcγ RI (CD64), Fcγ RII (CD32), and Fcγ RIII (CD16). CD32 protein is a low affinity receptor for IgG that binds only IgG immune complexes and is expressed on a diverse range of cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, platelets, and B cells. Human CD32 class is encoded by three closely related genes, and designated Fcγ RII A, B, and C which share 94-99% amino acid identity in their extracellular domains but differ substantially in their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. CD32 is involved in a number of immune responses including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, clearance of immune complexes, release of inflammatory mediators, and regulation of antibody production.
Cluster of Differentiation 34 (CD34) is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane sialomucin proteins, and may function as a cell-cell adhesion factor. CD34 protein is selectively expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells and the small vessel endothelium of a variety of tissues. It has been widely used as a stem and progenitor cell marker, and clinical CD34+ stem cell transplantation (CD34+SCT) has been performed for tumor purging. CD34 monoclonal antibodies are widely used to identify and isolate hemopoietic progenitors and to classify acute and chronic leukemias.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with an the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), also known as FAT, SCARB3, GP88, glycoprotein IV (gpIV) and glycoprotein IIIb (gpIIIb), is a member of the CD system as well as the class B scavenger receptor family of cell surface proteins. CD36 can be found on the surface of many cell types in vertebrate animals and it consists of 472 amino acids and is extensively glycosylated. It is an integral membrane protein primarily serving as receptors for thrombospondin and collagen and by the erythrocytes infected with an the human malaria parasite. The role of CD36 as a cell surface receptor has been extended to that of a signal transduction molecule.
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