Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins which preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells, and thus may contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell type. E-cadherin (E-Cad), also known as CDH1 and CD324, is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule the intact function of which is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue polarity and structural integrity. Mutations in CDH1 occur in diffuse type gastric cancer, lobular breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. In human cancers, partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with malignancy. During apoptosis or with calcium influx, E-Cad is cleaved by the metalloproteinase to produce fragments of about 38 KD (E-CAD/CTF1), 33 KD (E-CAD/CTF2) and 29 KD (E-CAD/CTF3), respectively. E-Cad has been identified as a potent invasive suppressor, as downregulation of E-cadherin expression is involved in dysfunction of the cell-cell adhesion system, and often correlates with strong invasive potential and poor prognosis of human carcinomas.
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins which preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells , and thus may contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell type. E-cadherin (E-Cad) , also known as CDH1 and CD324 , is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule the intact function of which is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue polarity and structural integrity. Mutations in CDH1 occur in diffuse type gastric cancer , lobular breast cancer , and endometrial cancer. In Human cancers , partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with malignancy. During apoptosis or with calcium influx , E-Cad is cleaved by the metalloproteinase to produce fragments of about 38 kDa (E-CAD/CTF1) , 33 kDa (E-CAD/CTF2) and 29 kDa (E-CAD/CTF3) , respectively. E-Cad has been identified as a potent invasive suppressor , as downregulation of E-cadherin expression is involved in dysfunction of the cell-cell adhesion system , and often correlates with strong invasive potential and poor prognosis of Human carcinomas.
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins which preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells, and thus may contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell type. E-cadherin (E-Cad), also known as CDH1 and CD324, is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule the intact function of which is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue polarity and structural integrity. Mutations in CDH1 occur in diffuse type gastric cancer, lobular breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. In human cancers, partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with malignancy. During apoptosis or with calcium influx, E-Cad is cleaved by the metalloproteinase to produce fragments of about 38 kDa (E-CAD/CTF1), 33 kDa (E-CAD/CTF2) and 29 kDa (E-CAD/CTF3), respectively. E-Cad has been identified as a potent invasive suppressor, as downregulation of E-cadherin expression is involved in dysfunction of the cell-cell adhesion system, and often correlates with strong invasive potential and poor prognosis of human carcinomas.
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein and playing a pivotal role in endochondral bone formation, angiogenesis, and tumour biology. Three splice variants have been identified: ECM1a (540 aa) is most widely expressed, with highest expression in the placenta and heart; ECM1b (415 aa) is differentiation-dependent expressed and found only in tonsil and associated with suprabasal keratinocytes; ECM1c (559 aa) accounts for approximately 15% of skin ECM1. Although ECM1 is not tumor specific, is significantly elevated in many malignant epithelial tumors and is suggested as a possible trigger for angiogenesis, tumor progression and malignancies. It also has been shown to regulate endochondral bone formation, skeletal development and tissue remodeling.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 27, also known as XEDAR and EDA2R, is a type III transmembrane protein of the TNFR superfamily. EDA2R consists of extracellular domain (ECD) with 3 cysteine-rich repeats and a single transmembrane domain but lacks an N-terminal signal peptide. EDA2R is widely expressed, notably in embryonic basal epidermal cells and maturing hair follicles. Even though it does not contain a cytoplasmic death domain, EDA2R can associate with Fas and induce EDA-A2 dependent apoptosis. Its transcription is directly induced by p53, and it mediated cell death is p53 dependent. it is down-regulated in breast, colon, and lung cancers, particularly in cases with p53 mutations. It also plays a role in EDA-A2 induced skeletal muscle degeneration and osteoblast differentiation. Mutations in the EDA gene are associated with the X-linked form of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED), a disease typically characterized by abnormal hair, teeth and sweat glands.
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