Trophoblast glycoprotein, also known as TPBG and 5T4, it belongs to the LRR family of proteins. The C-terminus of LRR N-terminal cap (LRRNT) and LRR 1 are essential for the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. TPBG may function as an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by indirectly interacting with LRP6 and blocking Wnt3a-dependent LRP6 internalization. It expressed by all types of trophoblasts as early as 9 weeks of development. In adult tissues, the expression is limited to a few epithelial cell types but is found on a variety of carcinoma.
Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a glycoprotein hormone which belongs to the EPO/TPO family. It produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets.Mature mouse Tpo shares 71% and 81% aa sequence homology with human and rat Tpo, respectively. It is an 80-85 kDa protein that consists of an N-terminal domain with homology to Erythropoietin (Epo) and a C-terminal domain that contains multiple N-linked and O-linked glycosylation sites. TPO stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells that bud off large numbers of platelets. Lineage-specific cytokine affects the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes from their committed progenitor cells. It acts at a late stage of megakaryocyte development. It may be the major physiological regulator of circulating platelets.
Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. Induces apoptosis. Its activity may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis.
Mouse tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) is a member of the TNFR family which contains 1 death domain and 3 TNFR-Cys repeats. TNFRSF10B exhibits high structural and functional homology to TRAIL-R1 (DR-4). TNFRSF10B is highly expressed in heart, lung, lymphocytes, spleen and kidney. In addition, it is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53. TNFRSF10B is the receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TNFSF10/TRAIL. It promotes the activation of NF-kappa-B and is essential for ER stress-induced apoptosis. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases mediating apoptosis.
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