Melanomia Cell Adhesion Molecule (MCAM), also known as CD146 and MUC18, is a putative Ig-superfamily adhesion molecule that is expressed on endothelial cells and a variety of tumor cells. MCAM is associated with tumor progression and metastasis and may be involved in embryonic neural development. An alternately spliced isoform of rat MCAM has a 40 residue deletion in the cytoplasmic domain.
BSG,also named as 5F7,Basigin,EMMPRIN,TCSF and CD147,plays pivotal roles in spermatogenesis,embryo implantation,neural network formation and tumor progression. It stimulates adjacent fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS).CD147 may target monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1,SLC16A3 and SLC16A8 to plasma membranes of retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina. It seems to be a receptor for oligomannosidic glycans. CD147 is a receptor of CypA,inducing matrix metalloproteinase expression and mediating the degradation of the extracellular matrix,plays an important role in tumorigenesis and invasion in oral cancer. It has been considered as an objective and effective marker to predict invasion and prognosis in various cancers.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) is a member of the CD system. It takes its name from its inclusion in the CD molecule surface marker proteins. CD14 exists in two forms: a form anchored into the membrane or a soluble form. CD14 was found expressed in macrophages, neutrophil granulocyte and dendritic cells. The major function is serve as a co-receptor (along with TLR4 and MD-2) for the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
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