Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1 or OLR1), also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX1), is a receptor protein that belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. LOX1 is a multi-ligand receptor originally identified as the endothelial oxidized LDL receptor. OLR1 / LOX1 was isolated from an aortic endothelial cell, and recently it has been discovered in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells in artery vessels. The expression of LOX1 is inducted by inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stimuli. This protein binds, internalizes and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein. LOX1 may play an important role in the progression of vulnerable carotid plaque and might regulate vulnerable plaque formation in cooperation with MMPs and TIMP-2. In clinical, LOX1 is thought to be involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (serpin E1) is a serine protease inhibitor which belongs to the serpin family. Serpin E1 acts as 'bait' for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, protein C and matriptase-3/TMPRSS7. Its rapid interaction with PLAT may function as a major control point in the regulation of fibrinolysis.
Serpins are the largest and most diverse family of serine protease inhibitors which are involved in a number of fundamental biological processes such as blood coagulation, complement activation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor suppression and are expressed in a cell-specific manner. SerpinB2, also known as Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2, Placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, Monocyte Arg-serpin, Urokinase inhibitor and PAI2, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to the ,serpin family and Ov-serpin subfamily. SerpinB2 is a major product of activated monocytes and macrophages and is substantially induced during most inflammatory processes. Distinct from its widely described extracellular role as an inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator. SerpinB2 has been shown to have an intracellular role as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding protein that inhibits Rb degradation. SerpinB2 is widely described as an inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator. SerpinB2 inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator. The monocyte derived SerpinB2 is distinct from the endothelial cell-derived PAI-1. SerpinB2 is a potentially important inducible host factor that significantly promotes HIV-1 replication.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), also known as NARC1 (neural apoptosis regulated convertase), which is a newly identified human secretory subtilase belonging to the proteinase K subfamily of the secretory subtilase family. PCSK9 protein is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PCSK9 gene with orthologs found across many species. It is expressed in neuroepithelioma, colon carcinoma, hepatic and pancreatic cell lines, and in Schwann cells. PCSK9 protein is highly expressed in the liver and regulates low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein levels. Inhibition of PCSK9 protein function is currently being explored as a means of lowering cholesterol levels. Thereby, PCSK9 protein is regarded as a new strategy to treat hypercholesterolemia. PCSK9 protein contributes to cholesterol homeostasis and may have a role in the differentiation of cortical neurons.
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