CD32 is a 40 kD polymorphic transmembrane glycoprotein also known as FcγRII and FCRII. It is an immunoglobulin superfamily member expressed on monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, platelets and B cells. There are at least 6 isoforms of CD32 resulting from alternative mRNA splicing. CD32 mediates phagocytosis and oxidative burst in granulocytes, as well as platelet aggregation and immunomodulation. The extracellular domain of CD32 binds to polymeric and aggregated IgG and immune complexes, while the intracellular domain has been reported to associate with SHP-1 (B1 isoform).
CD33 is a 67 kD type I transmembrane glycoprotein also known as Siglec-3, gp67, and p67. It is a sialoadhesion immunoglobulin superfamily member expressed on myeloid progenitors, monocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells and mast cells. CD33 is absent on normal platelets, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells. CD33 functions as a sialic acid-dependent cell adhesion molecule with carbohydrate/lectin binding activity.
TREM-1 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells) is a type I transmembrane protein having a single Ig-like domain. It associates with the adapter protein, DAP12, to deliver an activating signal. Several other TREM family members have been reported that are structurally similar but share less than 30% amino acid identity. TREM-1 is expressed on blood neutrophils and a subset of monocytes, and expression is up-regulated by bacterial LPS.
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