Interleukin-22 Receptor Subunit α-2 (IL22RA2) belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family. IL22RA2 is a secreted protein and contains three fibronectin type-III domains. IL22RA2 is widely expressed in many tissues. IL22RA2 functions as an IL22 antagonist and may be important in the regulation of inflammatory response. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.
Interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-22RA2); also known as interleukin-22-binding protein (IL-22BP); is a subunit of the receptor for interleukin 22. IL-22BP belongs to the type I I cytokine receptor family and contains 3 fibronectin type-III domains. IL-22BP/IL-22RA2 is expressed in a range of tissues; including those in the digestive; female reproductive; and immune systems. It is expressed in placenta; spleen; breast; skin and lung. It is also detected in intestinal tract; testis; brain; heart and thymus. The dominant cell types expressing IL-22BP/IL-22RA2 were mononuclear cells and epithelium. IL-22BP/IL-22RA2 may play an important role as an IL-22 antagonist in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of IL-10 family. It is produced by T cells and induces the production of acute-phase reactants. IL-22 plays important roles in immune response through activation of the STAT 3 signal transduction pathway. Two types of IL-22-binding receptor have been discovered; a membrane-bound receptor and a soluble receptor.
Interleukin-22(IL-22) is a member of a group of the IL-10 family, a class of potent mediators of cellular inflammatory responses. IL-22 is produced by activated DC and T cells. IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction. It can initiate and regulate innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens especially in epithelial cells such as respiratory and gut epithelial cells. IL-22 along with IL-17 likely plays a role in the coordinated response of both adaptive and innate immune systems. IL-22 also promotes hepatocyte survival in the liver and epithelial cells in the lung and gut similar to IL-10. Biological activity of IL-22 is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex consisting of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains. IL-22 biological activity is further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP. IL-22BP and an extracellular region of IL-22R1 share sequence similarity. In some cases, the pro-inflammatory versus tissue-protective functions of IL-22 are regulated by cytokine IL-17A.
Cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response in vivo.
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