Interleukin-8 (IL-8) belongs to the neutrophil-specific CXC family of chemokines. It is one of the initial cytokines released from a variety of cell types, including T cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, in response to an inflammatory stimulus and acts by recruiting neutrophils, T-cells and basophils to the site of inflammation. Elevated Interleukin-8 levels are associated with the onset of a variety of disease states.
IL-8 is a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes. It is also involved in neutrophil activation. It is released from several cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8(6-77) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation, IL-8(5-77) has increased activity on neutrophil activation and IL-8(7-77) has a higher affinity to receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 as compared to IL-8(1-77), respectively.
Supports IL-2 independent and IL-4 independent growth of helper T-cells.
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a secreted protein that belongs to the IL-7/IL-9 family.Mature mouse IL-9 shares 57% and 74% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat IL-9, respectively. IL-9 supports IL-2 independent and IL-4 independent growth of helper T-cells. IL-9 stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. IL-9 has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. IL-9 is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
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