Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation; survival and gene expression. IL-4 is produced by mast cells; T cells; and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into helper Th2 cells; characterized by their cytokine-secretion profile that includes secretion of IL-4; IL-5; IL-6; IL-10; and IL-13; which favor a humoral immune response. Another dominant function of IL-4 is the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. Excessive IL-4 production by Th2 cells has been associated with elevated IgE production and allergic response.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival and gene expression. IL-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into helper Th2 cells, characterized by their cytokine-secretion profile that includes secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, which favor a humoral immune response. Another dominant function of IL-4 is the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. Excessive IL-4 production by Th2 cells has been associated with elevated IgE production and allergic response.
IL-5 is expressed in eosinophils, NK cells, TC2 CD8+ T cells, mast cells, CD45+ CD4+ T cells, gamma delta T cells and IL-1 beta activated endothelial cells. IL-5 acts as a growth and differentiation factor for both B cells and eosinophils. Relative to B cells, IL-5 appears to induce the differentiation of activated conventional B-2 cells into Ig-secreting cells. In addition, it induces the growth of B-1 progenitors as well as IgM production by B-1 cells.IL-5 appears to perform a number of functions on eosinophils. These include the down modulation of Mac-1,the upregulation of receptors for IgA and IgG,the stimulation of lipid mediator (leukotriene C4 and PAF) secretion and the induction of granule release.IL-5 also promotes the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.
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