NHP2 belongs to the H/ACA snoRNPs gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been organized into 2 families: C/D and H/ACA. NHP2 forms a small ribonucleoprotein particle with GAR1 (NOLA1). NHP2 is involved in a variety of aspects of rRNA processing and modification. NHP2 localizes to the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus and in nuclear Cajal bodies. NHP2 may also be required for correct processing or intranuclear trafficking of TERC, the RNA component of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) holoenzyme.
Nicastrin (NCST, or NCT), a single-pass membrane glycoprotein that harbors a large extracellular domain, is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex. Several lines of evidence indicate that the members of these complexes could also contribute to the control of cell death. NCT controls cell death via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and p53-dependent pathways and that this function remains independent of the activity and molecular integrity of the gamma-secretase complexes. Increasing evidences have shown that Nicastrin/NCSTN plays a crucial role in gamma-cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The glycoprotein Nicastrin is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex, a high molecular weight complex which also contains the presenilin proteins, Aph-1 and Pen-2. The gamma-secretase complex is not only involved in APP processing but also in the processing of an increasing number of other type I integral membrane proteins. As the largest subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, Nicastrin plays a crucial role in its activation. Inhibition of NCSTN demonstrated an altered gamma-cleavage activity, suggesting its potential implication in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, Nicastrin can function to maintain epithelial to mesenchymal transition during breast cancer progression. Anti-nicastrin polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were able to decrease notch1 and vimentin expression and reduced the invasive capacity of breast cancer cells in vitro.
60S Ribosome Subunit Biogenesis Protein NIP7 Homolog (NIP7) belongs to the NIP7 family. NIP7 contains one PUA domain, it is essential for the process of proper 27S pre-rRNA and 60S ribosome subunit assembly. NIP7 is a monomer form and interacts with NOL8 and SBDS, and may bind to RNA. In addition, NIP7 is one of the many trans-acting factors required for eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, which interacts with nascent pre-ribosomal particles and dissociates as they complete maturation and are exported to the cytoplasm.
NKG2-A/NKG2-B Type II Integral Membrane Protein contains 1 C-type lectin domain and belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor family. The killer cell lectin-like receptor family is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. CD94 (Cluster of Differentiation 94), also known as killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D member 1 (KLRD1), is expressed on the surface of natural killer cells in the innate immune system. CD94 Plays a role as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. CD94 Can form disulfide-bonded heterodimer with NKG2 family members. The CD94/NKG2 complex, on the surface of natural killer cells interacts with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E on target cells.
NKG2D, also known as CD314, is an immune receptor which consists of two disulphide-linked type II transmembrane proteins with short intracellular proteins uncapable to transduce signals. In order to transduce signals, NKG2D needs adaptor proteins and it uses two adaptor proteins, DAP10 and DAP12. These two adaptor proteins associate as homodimers to NKG2D- therefore the entire receptor complex appears as a hexamer. NKG2D can send co-stimulatory signals to activate CD8 T cells. NKG2D also plays an important role in viral control. Cellular stress can induce ligands for NKG2D which results in the cell susceptible to NK cell-mediated lysis.
NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein (NKG2D) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein which belongs to the CD94/NKG2 family. NKG2D is expressed on natural killer (NK) cells; CD8+ alpha-beta and gamma-delta T-cells. As an activating and costimulatory receptor; it involved in immunosurveillance upon binding to various cellular stress-inducible ligands displayed at the surface of autologous tumor cells and virus-infected cells. It provides both stimulatory and costimulatory innate immune responses on activated killer (NK) cells; leading to cytotoxic activity. It stimulates perforin-mediated elimination of ligand-expressing tumor cells. Signaling involves calcium influx; culminating in the expression of TNF-alpha. NKG2D participates in NK cell-mediated bone marrow graft rejection and survival of NK cells. It Binds to ligands belonging to various subfamilies of MHC class I-related glycoproteins including MICA; MICB; RAET1E; RAET1G; ULBP1; ULBP2; ULBP3 (ULBP2>ULBP1>ULBP3) and ULBP4.
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