S100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. The S100 family members have been involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A4 is known to localize to and function in the nucleus, cytoplasm of cells and the extracellular space. S100A4 has also been shown to be associated with tumor growth, motility, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis and chemoresistance. It is a fibroblast-specific protein associated with mesenchymal cell morphology and motility, is expressed during epithelial-mesenchymal transformations (EMT) in vivo. It is an improved marker for lung fibroblasts that could be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Overexpression of S100A4 is correlated with a worse prognosis inpatients with various types of cancer.
S-100A4 protein is an important member of S100 family. As an angiogenic factor, S-100A4 protein can enhance the mobility of endothelial cells, reduce the production of angiogenesis inhibitors, and promote the development of blood vessels, tumor invasion and metastasis.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in motility, invasion, and tubulin polymerization. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in tumor metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
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