Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO); also known as SUMO homologue and SMT3; is a member of the superfamily of ubiquitin-like polypeptides that become covalently attached to various intracellular target proteins as a way to alter their function; location; and/or half-life. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers include SUMO1; SUMO2; SUMO3; and SUMO4. Except for SUMO4; all other SUMOs are ubiquitously expressed; including in the brain. In human; SUMO2 and SUMO3 are two highly homologous proteins; collectively called SUMO2/3. Several studies suggest that SUMO3 are associated with pathogenesis in several neurological diseases; including Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; and cerebral ischemia/stroke.
SUMO3 belongs to the SUMO protein family and operates like ubiquitin. Ubiquitin-like protein which can be covalently attached to target lysines either as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polyer. Nevertheless unlike ubiquitin that targets proteins for degration; SUMO3 takes part in several cellular processess; such as nuclear transport; transcription regulation; apoptosis and protein stability. SUMO3 participates in amyloid beta generation and has a key role in the oneset or progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, the terminal reaction in the oxidative degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids.
Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (BIRC5) belongs to the IAP family. BIRC5 exists as a homodimer in the apo state and as a monomer in the CPC-bound state. BIRC5 contains one BIR repeat and is expressed only in fetal kidney and liver, and to lesser extent, lung and brain. BIRC5 functions as a multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. BIRC5 is also a component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC), which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis. BIRC5 acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex.
SUSD4, also known as sushi domain-containing protein 4, is a hypothetical cell surface protein whose tissue distribution and function are completely unknown. SUSD4 is detectable in murine brains, eyes, spinal cords, and testis but not other tissues. In brains, SUSD4 is highly expressed in the white matter on oligodendrocytes/axons, and in eyes, it is exclusively expressed on the photoreceptor outer segments. In in vitro complement assays, SUSD4 augments the alternative but not the classical pathway of complement activation at the C3 convertase step. SUSD4 deficiency may cause autism or Fryns syndrome, both of which are genetic diseases with severe abnormal neurological development and/or functions.
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV420H2, also known as Suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 2, Su(var)4-20 homolog 2, Lysine N-methyltransferase 5C, SUV420H2 and KMT5C, is nucleus protein which belongs to thehistone-lysine methyltransferase family and Suvar4-20 subfamily. SUV420H2 is a histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-20' of histone H4. H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. SUV420H2 mainly functions in pericentric heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin in these regions. SUV420H1 is targeted to histone H3 via its interaction with RB1 family proteins (RB1, RBL1 and RBL2). FRAP experiments reveal that SUV420H2 is strongly associated to pericentric heterochromatin. The fraction of SUV420H2 captured and characterized by TAP/MS is a soluble fraction which may be in a stable association with HP1. SUV420H2 may be recruited to heterochromatin in association with HP1, and stably maintained at its heterochromatin sites in an HP1-independent fashion.
SWSAP1 is a nucleus ATPase protein, interacts with ZSWIM7 and forms a functional complex. The complexs involved in homologous recombination repair and stabilizes each other. SWS1AP1 also interacts with RAD51, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D and XRCC3. It involves in homologous recombination repair. ATPase is preferentially stimulated by single-stranded DNA and is involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR). SWSAP1 has a DNA-binding activity which is independent of its ATPase activity.
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