WAP, kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 2, also known as Growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein 1, WAP, follistatin, immunoglobulin, kunitz and NTR domain-containing-related protein, WFIKKN-related protein, WFIKKN2 and GASP1, is a secreted protein which belongs to theWFIKKN family. WFIKKN2 contains twoBPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domains, oneIg-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain, oneKazal-like domain, oneNTR domain and oneWAP domain. WFIKKN2 is primarily expressed in ovary, testis and brain, but not in liver. In fetal tissues, it is primarily expressed in brain, skeletal muscle, thymus and kidney. WFIKKN2 is protease-inhibitor that contains multiple distinct protease inhibitor domains. It probably has serine protease- and metalloprotease-inhibitor activity. It inhibits the biological activity of mature myostatin, but not activin. WFIKKN2 protein binds mature GDF8/myostatin and myostatin propeptide and inhibits the biological activity of myostatin.
Downstream regulator in the Wnt/Frizzled-signaling pathway. Associated with cell survival. Attenuates p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of AKT kinase. Up-regulates the anti-apoptotic Bcl-X(L) protein. Adheres to skin and melanoma fibroblasts. In vitro binding to skin fibroblasts occurs through the proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan. Expressed in heart, kidney, lung, pancreas, placenta, ovary, small intestine and spleen. Isoform 2 is expressed predominantly in scirrhous gastric carcinoma and, weakly in placenta. Overexpression is associated with several cancers including breast cancer and colon tumors. Isoform 2 is overexpressed in scirrhous gastric carcinoma.
Wnt-3a is one of 19 vertebrate members of the Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) family of highly conserved cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins important for normal developmental processes . Wnts bind to the cell surface Frizzled family receptors in conjunction with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein family receptors (LRP5 or 6) resulting in the stabilization of intracellular beta-catenin levels . As intracellular beta-catenin levels rise, beta-catenin binds to TCF/LEF transcription factors leading to expression of Wnt target genes.
Wnt-3a is one of 19 vertebrate members of the Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) family of highly conserved cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins important for normal developmental processes.Required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. Required for normal morphogenesis of the developing neural tube (By similarity). Mediates self-renewal of the stem cells at the bottom on intestinal crypts (in vitro).
Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 (WIF1) is a secreted protein, which binds WNT proteins and inhibits their activities. WNT proteins are extracellular signaling molecules involved in the control of embryonic development. WIF1 contains a WNT inhibitory factor (WIF) domain and 5 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. is found to be present in fish, amphibia and mammals. WIF1 is a recurrent target in human salivary gland oncogenesis.WIF1 may be involved in mesoderm segmentation. WIF1 is a tumor suppressor, specifically in nonfunctioning pituitary tumors.
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