Fcgr4, also known as CD16-2, is one of the receptors for Fc region of IgG which involve in immune responses. Fcgr4 mainly functions in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, NK T cell proliferation, regulation of sensory perception of pain, wound healing etc. Three groups are included for Fc γ receptors (FcR), and they are Fc γ RI (CD64), Fc γ RII (CD32), and Fc γ RIII (CD16). Among these, CD64 possess high affinity even for monomeric IgG, while CD32 and CD16 display a relative lower affinity for IgG. Genes encodes these receptors are diverse differing by species and cell types. The aggregation of FcR having immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) activates sequentially src family tyrosine kinases and syk family tyrosine kinases that connect transduced signals to common activation pathways shared with other receptors. FcR with ITAMs elicit cell activation, endocytosis, and phagocytosis. Fcgr4 belongs to Fc γ RIII (CD16) group.
Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III (Fc gamma RIII/CD16) is a member of the Ig superfamily. Based on close relationships in their extracellular domains, the Fc gamma Rs have been divided into three classes composing of Fc gamma RI (CD64), Fc gamma RII (CD32), and Fc gamma RIII (CD16). Each group may be encoded by multiple genes and exist in different isoforms depending on species and cell type. Mouse CD16 is a type I transmembrane protein having two extracellular Ig-like domains consisting of immunoglobulin domain, repeat, signa and transmembrane, transmembrane helix. It is expressed on a variety of myeloid and lymphoid cells and associates with Fc R gamma to deliver an activating signal upon ligand binding. Fcgr3 is IgG binding and activation or inhibition of immune responses such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, cell surface receptor signaling pathway and positive regulation of type I/IIa/III hypersensitivity.
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