Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2(Tacstd2), also known as Cell surface glycoprotein Trop-2, belongs to the EPCAM family. Tacstd2 expressed in kidney, lung, ovary and testis and has high levels of expression in immortalized keratinocytes. Tacstd2 may functions as a growth factor receptor. It has negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, cell motility, epithelial cell migration, ruffle assembly, stress fiber assembly and substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. Also, it has positive regulation of stem cell proliferation. Tacstd2 is capable of transducing an intracellular calcium signal and may play a role in tumor growth. It also has adhesive functions.
Trypsin-2, also known as Trypsin II, Anionic trypsinogen, Serine protease 2, PRSS2 and TRY2, is a secreted protein which belongs to the trypsin serine protease family including Trypsin, PRSS1, PRSS2 and PRSS3. It consists of a signal peptide (residues 1-15), a pro region (residues 16-23), and a proteolytically active mature chain (residues 24-247). PRSS2 contains onepeptidase S1 domain. It is secreted into theduodenum,hydrolysing peptides into their smaller building blocks, which is necessary for the uptake of protein in the food. It is secreted by the pancreas in the form of inactivezymogen,trypsinogen and cleaved to its active form in the small intestine when the pancreas is stimulated bycholecystokinin through the common activation mechanism.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a protein belonging to the cytokine family, contains 140 amino acids. It is known to play an important role in the maturation of T cell populations through activation of antigen presenting cells. TSLP induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c+ dendritic cells. It can induce allergic inflammation by directly activating mast cells. TSLP is produced mainly by non-hematopoietic cells such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells and different types of stromal or stromal-like cells. These cells are located in regions where TSLP activity is required.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) was originally identified as an activity from the conditioned medium of a Mouse thymic stromal cell line that promoted the development of B cells. The activities of Mouse TSLP overlap with , but are distinct from , those of Mouse IL-7. Both Mouse TSLP and IL-7 can co-stimulate growth of thymocytes and mature T cells , and support B lymphopoiesis in long-term cultures of fetal liver cells and bone-marrow cells. Whereas Mouse IL-7 facilitates the development of B220+/IgM-pre-B cells , Mouse TSLP promotes the development B220+/IgM+ B cells. Human TSLP was reported to preferentially stimulate myeloid cells, inducing the release of T cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and enhancing the maturation of CD11c+ dendritic cells. Mouse TSLP cDNA encodes a 140 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a 19 aa signal sequence. Within the mature region , there are three potential N-glycosylation sites and 7 cysteine residues. Mouse TSLP shares approximately 43% aa sequence identity with Human TSLP. The gene for Mouse TSLP has been localized to chromosome 18. By Northern and RT-PCR analysis , Mouse TSLP expression has been detected in spleen , thymus , kidney , lung and bone marrow. TSLP is proposed to signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex that consists of IL-7 R alpha and the TSLP R , a new member of the hemopoietin receptor family most closely related to R gamma c.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7 (IL-7)-like cytokine originally characterized by its ability to promote the activation of B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine expressed by epithelial cells, including keratinocytes, and is important in allergic inflammation. Subsequent studies have shown that TSLP promotes T helper type 2 (TH2) cell responses associated with immunity to some helminth parasites and the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. TSLP can promote TH2 cytokine-associated inflammation by directly promoting the effector functions of CD4+ TH2 cells, basophils and other granulocyte populations while simultaneously limiting the expression of DC-derived proinflammatory cytokines and promoting regulatory T cell responses in peripheral tissues.
The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) is consisting of a common γ receptor–like chain (TSLPR-γ) and a common interleukin 7 (IL-7) Rα chain that belongs to the type 1 cytokine receptor family. Transfection of TSLPR cDNA result in only low affinity binding, while cotransfection of the IL-7Rα chain cDNA shows high affinity binding. TSLP and TSLPR play a critical role in the initiation of allergic diseases in mice. The TSLP R cDNA encodes a transmembrane receptor containing 370 amino acids (aa) with two potential N-linked glycosylation sites and a cytoplasmic domain of 104 aa including a single tyrosine residue. TSLPR can mediate signaling of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) by TSLP. TSLP R is broadly expressed in the immune and hematopoietic cells, particularly in hematopoietic progenitors and myeloid cells.
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