This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds (PubMed:2517217). Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine.
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, also known as UCH-L1, Ubiquitin thioesterase L1, PGP9.5 and UCHL1, is a deubiqutinating enzyme with important functions in recycling of ubiquitin. Regulated proteolysis by the ubiquitin pathway has been implicated in control of the cell cycle, transcriptional activation, cell fate and growth, and synaptogenesis. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in synaptic plasticity and is proposed to be part of a molecular switch that converts short-term synaptic potentiation to long-term changes in synaptic strength. UCHL1 is found in neuronal cell bodies and processes throughout the neocortex (at protein level). It is expressed in neurons and cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and their tumors. UCHL1 is weakly expressed in ovary. UCHL1 is a ubiquitin-protein hydrolase. It is involved both in the processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins. This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. UCHL1 also binds to free monoubiquitin and may prevent its degradation in lysosomes. The homodimer of UCHL1 may have ATP-independent ubiquitin ligase activity. UCHL1 dysfunction has been associated with neurodegeneration in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's disease patients. Reduced UCHL1 function may jeopardize the survival of CNS neurons.
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L3, also known as UCH-L3, Ubiquitin thioesterase L3 and UCHL3, is a ubiquitin-protein hydrolase which belongs to thepeptidase C12 family. It is involved both in the processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins. This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of either ubiquitin or NEDD8. UCHL3 is highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and testis. UCHL1 and UCHL3 are two of the deubiquitinating enzymes expressed in the brain. These phenotypes indicate the importance of UCHL1 and UCHL3 in the regulation of the central nervous system. UCHL3 functions as a de-ubiquitinating enzyme where lack of its hydrolase activity may result in the prominent accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and subsequent induction of stress responses in skeletal muscle. UCHL3 has also been identified as a tumor-specific antigen in colon cancer.
Uteroglobin(UG, SCGB1A1) is the founding member of the secretoglobin family of small,secreted, disulfide-bridged dimeric proteins found only in mammals. This protein is mainly expressed in lung, with anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties. CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins(C/EBPs) are the major transcription factors for the regulation of SCGB1A1 gene expression, whereas FOXA1 had a minimum effect on the transcription. Uteroglobin is a multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties. Uteroglobin inhibits soluble phospholipase A(2) activity and binds and perhaps sequesters hydrophobic ligands such as progesterone, retinols, polychlorinated biphenyls, phospholipids, and prostaglandins. In addition to its anti-inflammatory activities, Uteroglobin manifests antichemotactic, antiallergic, antitumorigenic, and embryonic growth-stimulatory activities. Uteroglobin is a potential drug target. The mechanism of Uteroglobin action is likely to be even more complex as it also functions via a putative receptor-mediated pathway.
Uteroglobin (UG), also known as Secretoglobin 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1), Blastokinin, Clara cell secretor protein (CCSP) or Clara cell-specific 10-kDa protein (CC10), is the founding member of the secretoglobin family of small, secreted, disulfide-bridged dimeric proteins found only in mammals. This protein is mainly expressed in lung, with anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are the major transcription factors for the regulation of SCGB1A1 gene expression, whereas FOXA1 had a minimum effect on the transcription. Uteroglobin is a multifunctional protein with antiinflammatory/immunomodulatory properties. Uteroglobin inhibits soluble phospholipase A(2) activity and binds and perhaps sequesters hydrophobic ligands such as progesterone, retinols, polychlorinated biphenyls, phospholipids, and prostaglandins. In addition to its antiinflammatory activities, Uteroglobin manifests antichemotactic, antiallergic, antitumorigenic, and embryonic growth-stimulatory activities. The tissue-specific expression of the Uteroglobin gene is regulated by several steroid hormones, although a nonsteroid hormone, prolactin, further augments its expression in the uterus. Based on its anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties, Uteroglobin is a potential drug target. The mechanism of Uteroglobin action is likely to be even more complex as it also functions via a putative receptor-mediated pathway.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) , also known as CD106 , is a cell surface sialoglycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two forms of VCAM-1 with either six or seven extracellular Ig-like domains are generated by alternative splicing , with the longer form predominant. VCAM-1 is an endothelial ligand for very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and α4ß7 integrin expressed on leukocytes , and thus mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction. VCAM-1 expression is induced on endothelial cells during inflammatory bowel disease , atherosclerosis , allograft rejection , infection , and asthmatic responses. During these responses , VCAM-1 forms a scaffold for leukocyte migration. VCAM-1 also activates signals within endothelial cells resulting in the opening of an "endothelial cell gate" through which leukocytes migrate. VCAM-1 has been identified as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic target , the hypothesis being that reduced expression of VCAM-1 will slow the development of atherosclerosis. In addition , VCAM-1-activated signals in endothelial cells are regulated by cytokines indicating that it is important to consider both endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and function during inflammatory processes.
Inserisci la tua e-mail e seleziona le aree di interesse per ricevere le ultime novità, approfondimenti e promozioni.
Seleziona uno o piu ambiti di interesse per ricevere comunicazioni piu utili e mirate.
2025 TEMA Ricerca - All Rights Reserved.
