Periostin ( POSTN ), also known as OSF2 (osteoblast specific factor 2), is a heterofunctional secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein comprised of four fasciclin domains that promotes cellular adhesion and movement, as well as collagen fibrillogenesis. Postn is expressed in unique growth centers during embryonic development where it facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of select cell populations undergoing reorganization. In the adult, Postn expression is specifically induced in areas of tissue injury or areas with ongoing cellular re-organization. In the adult heart Postn is induced in the ventricles following myocardial infarction, pressure overload stimulation, or generalized cardiomyopathy. Although the detailed function of Postn is still unclear, Postn-integrin interaction is thought to be involved in tumor development. Postn is frequently overexpressed in various types of human cancers, stimulating metastatic growth by promoting cancer cell survival, invasion and angiogenesis, and can be a useful marker to predict the behavior of cancer.
Peroxiredoxin-1(PRDX1) contains 1 thioredoxin domain and belongs to the AhpC/TSA family. PRDX1 constitutively expressed in most human cells and it is induced to higher levels upon serum stimulation in untransformed and transformed cells. PRDX1 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system but not from glutaredoxin and play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. PRDX1 might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H2O2. It reduces an intramolecular disulfide bond in GDPD5 that gates the ability to GDPD5 to drive postmitotic motor neuron differentiation. It may contribute to the antiviral activity of CD8(+) T-cells and have a proliferative effect in cancer development or progression.
Peroxiredoxin-2, also known as Natural killer cell-enhancing factor B, NKEF-B, Thiol-specific antioxidant protein, Thioredoxin peroxidase 1, Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase 1, PRDX2 and NKEFB, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to theahpC / TSA family. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 contains onethioredoxin domain. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 is not able to receive electrons from glutaredoxin. It may play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. Peroxiredoxin-2 / PRDX2 might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H2O2. The Peroxiredoxins / Prx are a family of peroxidases that can reduce H2O2 using an electron from thioredoxin (Trx) or other substances. The mammalian Peroxiredoxins / Prx family is divided into six groups ( PRDX1,PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6 ) on the basis of homology of amino acid sequences. They are located in the cytosol and play a role in the cell signaling system. All six mammalian peroxiredoxins are expressed in the lung. Peroxiredoxins / Prx is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that Peroxiredoxins / Prx has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression.
Thioredoxin-Dependent Peroxide Reductase Mitochondrial (PRDX3) is an enzyme that belongs to the AhpC/TSA family. Human and mouse PRDX3 genes are highly conserved, and they map to the regions syntenic between mouse and human chromosomes. Human PRDX3 protein has an antioxidant function and is localized in the mitochondrion. PRDX3 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. PRDX3 protects radical-sensitive enzymes from oxidative damage by a radical-generating system. It acts synergistically with MAP3K13 to regulate the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol.
Peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4) is a member of the AhpC/TSA family. PRDX4 is a cytoplasmic protein and contains one thioredoxin domain. PRDX4 exists in homodimer or heterodimer with PRDX1. PRDX4 reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides to water and alcohol with the use of reducing equivalents derived from thiol-containing donor molecules. In addition, PRDX4 is probably involved in redox regulation of the cell, regulating the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol by a modulation of I-kappa-B-alpha phosphorylation.
Peroxisomes are essential organelles that participate in multiple important metabolic processes, including the β-oxidation of fatty acids, plasmalogen synthesis, and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peroxiredoxins is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues to a great extent suggesting that they has a proliferative effect and may be related to cancer development or progression. Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) is a thioredoxin peroxidase that belongs to the atypical 2-Cys class of the TSA/ahpC family of peroxiredoxins. PRDX5 is a widely expressed mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. In human cells, this enzyme is present in the cytosol, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and nucleus.
acid phosphatase-like protein 2; also known as ACPL2; is a secreted protein which belongs to thehistidine acid phosphatase family. A large-scale effort; termed the Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI); was undertaken to identify novel secreted and transmembrane proteins. In the first of several approaches; a biological signal sequence trap in yeast cells was utilized to identify cDNA clones encoding putative secreted proteins. A second strategy utilized various algorithms that recognize features such as the hydrophobic properties of signal sequences to identify putative proteins encoded by expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from human cDNA libraries. A third approach surveyed ESTs for protein sequence similarity to a set of known receptors and their ligands with the BLAST algorithm. Finally; both signal-sequence prediction algorithms and BLAST were used to identify single exons of potential genes from within human genomic sequence.
Persephin is a secreted protein, belongs to the glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of the TGF-β superfamily. It shares 38-46% amino acid (aa) identity with family members GDNF, neurturin and artemin. It is expressed at very low levels in most tissues. Mature protein contains a signal sequence, a pro-domain and a 96 aa mature sequence with several cysteines that are conserved among family members. It circulates as an unglycosylated disulfide-linked homodimer. Like other GDNF family members, Persephin acts through engagement of GRFα4, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked GDNF receptor family Persephin is reported to promote both the survival and growth of central dopaminergic and motor neurons, and kidney development. These effects are correlated with the expression patterns of GFRα4, and RET.
Inserisci la tua e-mail e seleziona le aree di interesse per ricevere le ultime novità, approfondimenti e promozioni.
Seleziona uno o piu ambiti di interesse per ricevere comunicazioni piu utili e mirate.
2025 TEMA Ricerca - All Rights Reserved.
