Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog（CAR）, also known as CXADR, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the CTX family of the Ig superfamily. CXADR has monomer subunit that interacts with LNX, BAIAP1, DLG4, PRKCABP, TJP1 and CTNNB1. It also interacts with MPDZ and JAML. CXADR composed of of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. CXADR also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downstream cell signaling events in gamma-delta T-cells through PI3-kinase and MAP kinases. It results in proliferation and production of cytokines and growth factors by T-cells that in turn stimulate epithelial tissues repair.
CXADR (coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor), also known as CAR, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the CTX family of the Ig superfamily, and is essential for normal cardiac development in the mouse. Proposed as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule, CXADR is a component of the epithelial apical junction complex that is essential for the tight junction integrity, and probably involved in transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Mature mouse CXADR structrually comprises a 218 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with a V-type (D1) and a C2-type (D2) Ig-like domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 107 aa intracellular domain, among which,D1 is thought to be responsible for homodimer formation in trans within tight junctions. The ECD of mouse CXADR shares 97%, 90% sequence identity with the corresponding regions of rat, human CXADR.
Human C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a non-ELR chemokine secreted by various cell types; such as monocytes; endothelial cells and fibroblasts; in response to IFN-γ. CXCL10 functions via chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles; such as chemoattraction for activated T-lymphocytes; inhibition of angiogenesis; and antitumor activity.
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